Sexual, Sexuality, And Sexuality - 2305 Words

As mentioned earlier, when a child is born, they are born with a sexual aim. That sexual aim is considered to be autoerotic and expresses itself in an infantile manner. This infantile sexuality, or autoerotic sexuality, is a masturbatory expression of sexuality. The child gets pleasure for themselves from themselves. This sexual aim is unconscious. The child doesn’t know why what they are doing feels pleasurable, but it instinctively brings them some form of pleasure, so they find comfort in it. This pleasure is the libido’s substitution for the normal genital release that isn’t yet organically or physiologically possible in the child. It is a passive pleasure where the child finds stimulation of the oral erotogenic zone by incorporating the object into itself. Freud says â€Å"the child does not make use of an extraneous body for his sucking, but prefers a part of his own skin because it is more convenient, because it makes him independent of the external world , which he is not yet able to control† (Three Essays 48). This pleasure presents itself in two forms. The first is â€Å"by a peculiar feelings of tension†¦character of unpleasure† and the second â€Å"consists in replacing the projected sensation of stimulation in the erotogenic zone by an external stimulus which removes that sensation by producing a feeling of satisfaction† (Three Essays 50). It is in this way that pleasure and unpleasure can both extinguish partially the normal sexual aim of the libido. The oral stage beginsShow MoreRelatedSexuality, Sexuality And Sexual Orientation1111 Words   |  5 PagesDate: 5/5/15 Human Sexuality Sexuality is something that seems to dominate a lot of the world we live in. It’s in our schools, at work, and especially in the mass media. 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A Brief Note On Copyright And Remix Culture - 1777 Words

How to Not Follow Copyright Law: An Exploratory Essay on Copyright and Remix Culture As time goes by, the rate at which art changes increases at a seemly exponential rate. Our culture has more ways than ever to publish and distribute the things we make, and with the rise of the internet we can reach any audience with a Wi-Fi connection. This digital hyper-connectivity has led many artists to create new forms of art, some of which have gone on to start trends and cultures. One of these cultures that has become a significant part of online media is Remix Culture. The idea of taking someone else’s art and making it your own is embraced and cherished by some, and detested by others. As this genre of media has grown over the years, the line between what is and isn’t a remix has drastically blurred. Some will spend hours upon hours making a song sound completely different from its original counterpart, while others will simply chop it up and call it their own. Though laws were once effective when dealing with copyright infringement, the rate art has grown has significantly surpassed the rate at which these laws have changed. People are beginning to monetize their remixes in various ways, creating much controversy surrounding who should be getting paid, or if anyone should get paid at all. As artists, it is important to know what these laws are exactly, so we can either abide by them or find our own workarounds. As soon as a work is created in a tangible, fixed form, it is

Threats Independence and Possible Remedies

Question: Discuss about the Threats Independence and Possible Remedies. Answer: Introduction The company is require from the auditor to promote the business of the company in the seminar where number of investors comes and if the auditor promotes the business, the company will get more investment from the different persons coming in the seminar. The company Chief of the management CEO also states that if the auditor thinks of denying this act, there may be high chances that the company will not continue with the same auditor in next year. This situation creates the financial insecurity in the auditor minds and threats of intimidation have been created in this situation by the executives of the company. This threat shows that undue influential power has been creating on the auditor acts by management of the company which can spoil the objectivity of the auditor. The assessment of the threat can do with altitude of objectivity drop by the auditor in performance of the promotional activity (Edwin, 2015). The company is planning to give free holiday package of 14 days for the auditor and four members of the family of the auditor. The holiday package also includes the ticketing, food, accommodation expenses of the auditor and family members. The company has given this advantage to the auditor in consideration of smooth audit for the year 2015 without any extra queries from the auditor. The company wants to create the threat of Self Interest in this particular case as the auditor may feel of ignoring the certain key matters in making favor to the management of the company for giving free gift voucher to the auditor. The risk in this case can be estimated by the intensity of the self interest created in the minds of auditor for returning favor to the management of the LTH Company (Barizah, 2016). Personal Relation of Auditor The auditor Michael has personally related with the Chief Finance Controller of the LTH Company. The father of the audit team manner is the main person in the finance function of the company and wholly responsible for the preparation and presentation of the financial statements of the LTH Company. There is threat of Familiarity has been identified in this case. The auditor or the management officer can take advantage of this relationship by hiding some key financial matters in audit report or in the financial statements. The risk can be apprised by the intensity of the integrity lost by the auditor along with professional due care not followed by auditor (UK, 2013). The accounting and consultancy team member of the audit firm has been appointed as assurance team member to do the audit of the same client LTH. The member also informed that she has very good relationship with the employees of the company and she is very happy to go again in the company. The accounting and tax entries has been done by her before one month. There is threat of Self Review present in this situation where the audit has to assess her own work by doing audit of her work. The auditor may not done the detailed testing of the work done by her as she has the impression that work done was done by her is fully correct and she does not require to recheck the same. The threat can be appraised in this situation with altitude of the services done by the same person for audit and accounting and also the intensity of not following the professional due care at the time audit by audit staff (Parker, 2015). Shelter for Auditor from Recognized Threates Corporation Act, 2001 and Australian Auditing Standards suggest the shelter measures which an auditor should apply to prevent his independence while doing reporting about the company. The auditor has following protective measures to cover the threats and reduces their impact on the reporting: Protection as per Engagement Letter- The engagement letter of the auditor which contains the terms and conditions and responsibilities of the auditor and management helps the auditor to safeguard him from the threats which can spoil independence. These includes: Detailed bifurcation of scope of work in relation to the audit and non audit services helps the auditor to appoint different personnel for doing these two services. The full disclosures of the fees and terms of the engagement creating a satisfaction in the minds of the auditor about the financial security making him to do work more professionally with full professional competence and due care. Disclosure of interest in the company or relations with officers of the company in the engagement letter makes the auditor free from the liability for damages and with free mind auditor can do audit. Protection as Auditing Standards and Laws The different auditing standards and acts and statutes provides the auditor, the measures to prevent integrity and objectivity of the auditor. These includes: Peer review of the work of the auditor to be done after certain intervals to assess any deficiency is there in the audit procedures so that in future risk can be avoided The work should be done by using the professional skepticism as laid in the ethical auditing principles Complaint forums for auditor if the client is making undue influence on the auditor for not reporting certain things. Introduction of ASA 701, where the auditor has power to save himself by reporting any suspicious matter as key audit matter in his report (Livine, 2015). Risks In Business Risks has been defined as the potentiality or probability of having the happening of an uncertain event which can either lead to the massive losses or may either lead to profits. Because of the presences of this definition the risk has been defined as an integral and the inherent part of every business. It may be either manufacturing business or trading business or even the business of providing consultancy business. Therefore, every business men before undertaking any business shall consider the type of risks associated with the business. In the given situation the Company Mining Supplies limited have been purchasing from the overseas suppliers United States of America, United Kingdom and China since the formation of the company and many risks have been faced by the company since then but still have been working but from the auditor point of view following are the major business risks on which the company shall rethink and develop the corrective measures and procedures: Foreign Currency Exposure The Company has been purchasing from the overseas suppliers from United States of America, United Kingdom and China. In case of all the three suppliers the company has been facing the major risk of currency exposure. It is because of the fact that the exchange rate keep on fluctuating on the daily basis and sometimes it goes on such higher level which can even erode the profit margins of the company (Imrie, 2011). In the global financial crisis starting from the year 2009, many businesses have come down to closure of their companies only because of the fact of fluctuations in the currency exchange rate. Lack of Warranty to the Customers The Company has been selling the goods to the consumers on the premise that there will be two year warranty for any spare parts of the equipment but has not provided the warranty for the main equipment which is being sold to the customers (EY, 2016). It is because of the fact that the company itself is not receiving the same from the suppliers located at United States of America, United Kingdom and China. Due to this the company may face the situation of the severe loss of customers and reputation in the market and in case in order to retain the customers the company may provide for immediate replacement of the equipment in case any manufacturing defect comes and thus leading to losses to the company. Thus, the above two business risks shall be considered by the auditor while making or drafting the audit for the financial year ending 2015. Following two audit risks has been defined for each business risk identified: Control Risk This risk has been defined in the first part of foreign currency exposure. It will remain in the system of the company because of the fact that the foreign currency exposure cannot be minimized because of the fact that the company has been purchasing from the suppliers located at the different parts of the world. The same shall be considered by the auditor in planning the audit and shall prepare the audit accordingly. Secondly, the hedging procedures shall be checked as the part of audit of any done by the company. The account balances that have been affected by this kind of risk is foreign exchange fluctuation account, suppliers account and purchase account. (Long, 2015). Inherent Risk - This has been identified in the second part of the business risks which details with the lack of warranty for the main equipment. The company shall provide the warranty to the customers otherwise the business will get closed as the customers will lose faith in the company. It has been referred to as the inherent risk because of the fact that the said default is inherent in the nature of business and it cannot be mitigated. The account balances that may be affected by these risks are provision for warranty, Warranty cost and replacement cost and the value of closing stock as on date. (Becker, 2015) References Barizah N, (2016), Threats to Auditor Independence, available at https://www.academia.edu/260449/Threats_to_Auditor_Independence accessed on27/04/2017. Edwin M, (2015), Analysis of Threats to Auditor Independence and Available Safeguards against those threats, available at https://www.academia.edu/9406967/THREATS_TO_AUDITORS_INDEPENDENCE accessed on 26/04/2017 Livine G, (2015), Threats to Auditor Independence and Possible Remedies, available on https://www.financepractitioner.com/auditing-best-practice/threats-to-auditor-independence-and-possible-remedies?full accessed on 27/04/2017. Parker A, (2015), 6 Key Threat to Auditor Independence, available on https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2015/01/06/6-key-threats-to-auditor-independence accessed on 27/04/2017. UK Essays, (2013), Threat To Auditor Independence Accounting Essay. Available at https://www.uniassignment.com/essay-samples/accounting/threat-to-auditor-independence-accounting-essay.php?cref=1 Accessed on 26/04/2017 Becker E, (2015), Audit Risk vs. Business Risk, available at https://www.osyb.com/blog/small-business/audit-risk-vs-business-risk/ accessed on 21/05/2017 EY, (2016), Top 10 Business Risks, available at https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-business-risks-in-mining-and-metals-2016-2017/%24FILE/EY-business-risks-in-mining-and-metals-2016-2017.pdf accessed on 21/05/2017 Imrie B, (2011), Business Risks facing the Mining Industry, available at https://www.in.kpmg.com/SecureData/ACI/Files/Top_20_Risks_the_Mining_Industry.pdf accessed at 21/05/2017